Read the article and answer the questions in the commentary section below:
1. Which variant of spelling is easier for non-native speakers of English: British or American?
2. Is dyslexia linked to a person's birthplace? Why is it easier to diagnose people born in England?
3. What do you know of Noah Webster? (To answer this question you can use the sources other than this article)
ReplyDelete1. Compared to the UK variants, US spellings are easier for non-native speakers to learn, being shorter and slightly more phonetic. These US spellings are a legacy of dictionary pioneer Noah Webster’s movement for simplified spelling. This movement sought to cleanse English of double and silent letters, as well as other inefficiencies related to orthography (the system of writing and spelling words).
2. As dyslexia has a neurological basis, an affected person would have dyslexia regardless of whether they were born in Finland or England. But Fern-Pollak explains that it would be easier to diagnose them in England, as they grapple with the idiosyncratic spellings of English.
3. Noah Webster is an American lexicographer, linguist, and compiler of the American Dictionary of the English Language. Born in 1758 in West Hartford, Connecticut, the son of a farmer. He graduated from Yale University in 1778, after which he worked as a schoolteacher. Webster's greatest achievement, thanks to which he became so famous, is the American Dictionary of the English Language, published in 1828 with a circulation of two and a half thousand copies. It took Webster years to complete it. Noah was looking for the origin of the words. He traveled around Europe, studied other languages to make sure of the correct spelling, pronunciation and usage. The initial work included 12 thousand unique words and 40 thousand definitions. The dictionary created a new standard and singled out Webster as an outstanding American lexicographer. His dictionary has been revised, expanded and updated many times. Therefore, the reprinted version of 1967 is an excellent work, which is still widely welcomed by historians. Even after Webster's death, his dictionary continued to be published in various versions. In 1843, two printers from Massachusetts, George and Charles Merriam, acquired the rights that allowed Webster's 1841 edition to be revised, and were granted the rights to create revised editions. Noah Webster died on May 28, 1843, but his legacy continues to exist along with the modern version of the Merriam-Webster Dictionary.
Webster traveled the United States from Maine to Georgia, selling his textbooks and convincing everyone that America should be independent in literature as well as in politics and be as famous in art as in weapons. To achieve this, America must copyright the works of American writers. During his travels, Webster illegally sold his 1785 book Sketches of American Policy. The book described the interests and proposals of the federalists, who later became very popular and believed in a strong state. In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Webster published the politically effective work "An Examination into the Leading Principles of the Federal Constitution" (1787).
In New York City, Webster created American Magazine (1787-1788), which he believed would become a national periodical. In this magazine, he advocated American intellectual independence, education for women, and supported the ideas of the federalists. Despite the fact that this magazine existed for only 12 months, it was remembered for a very bright and decisive publication. Webster continued to work as a political journalist and published such pamphlets as The Effects of Slavery on Morals and Industry (1793), The Revolution in France (1794), The Rights of Neutral Nations (1802).
But Webster's main interest remained the idea of changing and improving the language. He described his ideas in Dissertation on the English Language (1789). He replaced the following words: theatre with theater, machine with masheen, plough with plow.He offered this variant of spelling and pronunciation of words to his readers.
1. Compared to the UK variants, US spellings are easier for non-native speakers to learn, being shorter and slightly more phonetic. These US spellings are a legacy of dictionary pioneer Noah Webster’s movement for simplified spelling. This movement sought to cleanse English of double and silent letters, as well as other inefficiencies related to orthography .
ReplyDelete2. As dyslexia has a neurological basis, an affected person would have dyslexia regardless of whether they were born in Finland or England. But Fern-Pollak explains that it would be easier to diagnose them in England, as they grapple with the idiosyncratic spellings of English.
3. Noah Webster was an educator and reformer who helped Americans develop their own unique sense of identity through language. Born in 1758 in what eventually became the town of West Hartford, Webster graduated from Yale in 1778 and went to work as a teacher. His efforts soon focused, however, on breaking away from the British influence on American language and education. In 1801 he began compiling and defining lists of words with American derivations (such as “color” instead of the British “colour”). Webster turned these lists into a dictionary in 1806. After working on the book for an additional 22 years, he published the American Dictionary of the English Language in 1828, a volume defining over 65,000 words.
While Webster was promoting his dictionary, George and Charles Merriam opened a printing and bookselling operation in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1831. G. & C. Merriam Co. (renamed Merriam-Webster Inc. in 1982) inherited the Webster legacy when the Merriam brothers bought the unsold copies of the 1841 edition of An American Dictionary of the English Language, Corrected and Enlarged from Webster's heirs after the great man's death in 1843. At the same time they secured the rights to create revised editions of that work. It was the beginning of a publishing tradition that has continued uninterrupted to this day at Merriam-Webster.
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ReplyDelete1.Compared to the UK variants, US spellings are easier for non-native speakers to learn, being shorter and slightly more phonetic. These US spellings are a legacy of dictionary pioneer Noah Webster’s movement for simplified spelling.
ReplyDelete2.English is opaque, meaning that there’s little correlation and consistency between its spoken and written forms.As dyslexia has a neurological basis, an affected person would have dyslexia regardless of whether they were born in Finland or England. But Fern-Pollak explains that it would be easier to diagnose them in England, as they grapple with the idiosyncratic spellings of English.
Thus, she believes, it would be “tremendously helpful” for children with reading with more phonetic spellings, to ease them into standard English spellings.
3. Noah Webster, (born October 16, 1758, U.S.—died May 28, 1843, New Haven, Connecticut), American lexicographer known for his American Spelling Book (1783) and his American Dictionary of the English Language, 2 vol. (1828; 2nd ed., 1840). Webster was instrumental in giving American English a dignity and vitality of its own. Both his speller and dictionary reflected his principle that spelling, grammar, and usage should be based upon the living, spoken language rather than on artificial rules. He also made useful contributions as a teacher, grammarian, journalist, essayist, lecturer, and lobbyist.
His first step in this direction was preparation of A Grammatical Institute of the English Language, the first part being The American Spelling Book (1783), the famed “Blue-Backed Speller,” which has never been out of print. The spelling book provided much of Webster’s income for the rest of his life, and its total sales have been estimated as high as 100,000,000 copies or more.
1. Compared to the UK variants, US spellings are easier for non-native speakers to learn, being shorter and slightly more phonetic. These US spellings are a legacy of dictionary pioneer Noah Webster’s movement for simplified spelling. This movement sought to cleanse English of double and silent letters, as well as other inefficiencies related to orthography.
ReplyDelete2. In linguistic terms, English is opaque, meaning that there’s little correlation and consistency between its spoken and written forms. What you read and what you say can seem very different. As dyslexia has a neurological basis, an affected person would have dyslexia regardless of whether they were born in Finland or England. But Fern-Pollak explains that it would be easier to diagnose them in England, as they grapple with the idiosyncratic spellings of English.
3.Noah Webster is an American lexicographer, linguist, and compiler of the American Dictionary of the English Language. he was born in 1758 in West Hartford, Connecticut, the son of a farmer. In 1778 he graduated from Yale University, after which he worked as a school teacher. he was often confronted with the shortcomings of the American education system. His goal was to introduce uniform standards of the American version of the English language. Between 1783 and 1785, he published his three-volume work A Grammatical Institute of the English Language. An American Dictionary of the English Language was published in 1828.In 1843, after Webster's death, the Merriam brothers acquired the rights to publish the dictionary.
ReplyDelete1.Compared to the UK variants, US spellings are easier for non-native speakers to learn, being shorter and slightly more phonetic. These US spellings are a legacy of dictionary pioneer Noah Webster’s movement for simplified spelling.
2. As dyslexia has a neurological basis, an affected person would have dyslexia regardless of whether they were born in Finland or England. But Fern-Pollak explains that it would be easier to diagnose them in England, as they grapple with the idiosyncratic spellings of English.
3.Noah Webster (1758-1843) was an American lexicographer, educator, lawyer, and editor. His first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language, was published in 1806. He is best known for the more comprehensive American Dictionary of the English Language, finished in 1825 and published in 1828.
Webster must be counted among the founding fathers of the United States. Historians continually note the wide sales of Webster's 'blue-back spellers,' and the monumental achievement of his American Dictionary published in 1828. Webster's Grammatical Institutes of the English Language, of which the speller was the first part and originally published in 1782, followed by the Grammar in 1785 and the Reader in 1786, sold some 15,000,000 copies before his death in 1843. With these and other literary and scientific efforts, Webster stimulated the educational programs of the early American republic. He is also remembered for his participation in the fight for an American copyright law, which he personally promoted in the thirteen original states, resulting in its incorporation in the Federal constitution.
A descendent, by his father of John Webster, Governor of Connecticut in 1656, and by his mother of William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth in 1621, Webster was born in Hartford, Connecticut, Oct. 16, 1758. He entered Yale College in 1774, and, after serving in the militia raised to oppose Burgoyne, graduated in 1778. He then pursued the study of the law in the intervals of school-teaching and, in 1781, was admitted to the bar.
In 1783 he published a series of papers in the Connecticut Courant, signed Honorius, in vindication of the Congressional soldier's pay-bill, and in the same year issued his First Part of the Grammatical Institute of the English Language, or Webster's Spelling Book. The profits from this publication, at less than a cent per copy, helped support Webster during the later stage of his career during which he compiled the American Dictionary. In 1785, he traveled the Southern States, and presented General George Washington with his Sketches of American Policy, an early proposal for a new Constitution of the United States.
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ReplyDelete1.Compared to the UK variants, US spellings are easier for non-native speakers to learn, being shorter and slightly more phonetic. These US spellings are a legacy of dictionary pioneer Noah Webster’s movement for simplified spelling.
2. As dyslexia has a neurological basis, an affected person would have dyslexia regardless of whether they were born in Finland or England. But Fern-Pollak explains that it would be easier to diagnose them in England, as they grapple with the idiosyncratic spellings of English.
3.Noah Webster (1758-1843) was an American lexicographer, educator, lawyer, and editor. His first dictionary, A Compendious Dictionary of the English Language, was published in 1806. He is best known for the more comprehensive American Dictionary of the English Language, finished in 1825 and published in 1828.
Webster must be counted among the founding fathers of the United States. Historians continually note the wide sales of Webster's 'blue-back spellers,' and the monumental achievement of his American Dictionary published in 1828. Webster's Grammatical Institutes of the English Language, of which the speller was the first part and originally published in 1782, followed by the Grammar in 1785 and the Reader in 1786, sold some 15,000,000 copies before his death in 1843. With these and other literary and scientific efforts, Webster stimulated the educational programs of the early American republic. He is also remembered for his participation in the fight for an American copyright law, which he personally promoted in the thirteen original states, resulting in its incorporation in the Federal constitution.
A descendent, by his father of John Webster, Governor of Connecticut in 1656, and by his mother of William Bradford, Governor of Plymouth in 1621, Webster was born in Hartford, Connecticut, Oct. 16, 1758. He entered Yale College in 1774, and, after serving in the militia raised to oppose Burgoyne, graduated in 1778. He then pursued the study of the law in the intervals of school-teaching and, in 1781, was admitted to the bar.
In 1783 he published a series of papers in the Connecticut Courant, signed Honorius, in vindication of the Congressional soldier's pay-bill, and in the same year issued his First Part of the Grammatical Institute of the English Language, or Webster's Spelling Book. The profits from this publication, at less than a cent per copy, helped support Webster during the later stage of his career during which he compiled the American Dictionary. In 1785, he traveled the Southern States, and presented General George Washington with his Sketches of American Policy, an early proposal for a new Constitution of the United States.